Journal: BMC microbiology

Article Title: Comparative genomics of Enterococcus spp. isolated from bovine feces.

doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-0962-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree constructed based on analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the core genes of 48 entercocci genomes, including the 21 isolates obtained from bovine feces in the present study. Entercoccus faecalis, Entercoccus faecium, Enterococcus hirae, Entercoccus durans, Entercoccus casseliflavus and Entercoccus gallinarum were compared using E. faecium strain T110 as a reference

Article Snippet: The 27 compete genomes from NCBI included: E. hirae (2 strains; ATCC 9790, R17), E. faecium (13 strains; Aus0004, Aus0085, T110, 6E6, VRE001, E1, E745, E39, UW8175, NRRL B2354, ATCC 700221, EFE10021), E. faecalis (9 strains; LD33, L12, KB1, 62, D32, V583, DENG1, OG1RF, ATCC 29212), E. durans (1 strain; KLDS6_0933), E. gallinarum (1 strain; FDAARGOS163), and E. casseliflavus (1 strain; EC20).

Techniques: Construct

Journal: BMC microbiology

Article Title: Comparative genomics of Enterococcus spp. isolated from bovine feces.

doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-0962-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 a Phylogenetic tree of Entercoccus faecium genome sequences from the present study and complete genome sequences from the NCBI database based on analysis of single-nucleotide varients (SNVs) of the core genes. b Relatedness tree of E. faecium genome sequences from present study and complete genome sequences from the NCBI database based on Pearson correlation similarity matrix analysis of accessory genes. Origin of isolates are as indicated in the figures

Article Snippet: The 27 compete genomes from NCBI included: E. hirae (2 strains; ATCC 9790, R17), E. faecium (13 strains; Aus0004, Aus0085, T110, 6E6, VRE001, E1, E745, E39, UW8175, NRRL B2354, ATCC 700221, EFE10021), E. faecalis (9 strains; LD33, L12, KB1, 62, D32, V583, DENG1, OG1RF, ATCC 29212), E. durans (1 strain; KLDS6_0933), E. gallinarum (1 strain; FDAARGOS163), and E. casseliflavus (1 strain; EC20).

Techniques:

Journal: BMC microbiology

Article Title: Comparative genomics of Enterococcus spp. isolated from bovine feces.

doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-0962-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 a Blast atlas of 10 Enterococcus hirae strains isolated from bovine feces and E. hirae strain R17 mapped against E. hirae ATCC9790. b Blast atlas of the genomes of 3 Entercoccus faecium isolates from bovine feces and 12 complete E. faecium genomes from the NCBI database mapped against reference sequence E. faecium DO. Blast atlases were generated by GView Java package software [28] using both alignment length and percent identity cut-off values of 80%. Based on the reference genomes, phage and transposon related regions/loci are indicated on the altas diagram

Article Snippet: The 27 compete genomes from NCBI included: E. hirae (2 strains; ATCC 9790, R17), E. faecium (13 strains; Aus0004, Aus0085, T110, 6E6, VRE001, E1, E745, E39, UW8175, NRRL B2354, ATCC 700221, EFE10021), E. faecalis (9 strains; LD33, L12, KB1, 62, D32, V583, DENG1, OG1RF, ATCC 29212), E. durans (1 strain; KLDS6_0933), E. gallinarum (1 strain; FDAARGOS163), and E. casseliflavus (1 strain; EC20).

Techniques: Isolation, Sequencing, Generated, Software

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, µg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-kill kinetics assay of auranofin and linezolid against stationary phase vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium NR-31909. Bacteria were incubated with test agents, and samples were collected at 0,12- and 24-h incubation period. The error bars represent standard deviation values obtained from triplicate samples used for each agent studied. (*) represents significant difference from 0 time. # represents significant difference from linezolid (*, # P < 0.05). Data were analyzed with two way ANOVA with post hoc Dunnet’s test.

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: Bacteria, Incubation, Standard Deviation

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Total protease inhibition activity of auranofin and linezolid against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium NR-31909. Data are presented as percent protease production of each drug (tested in sexruplicate). TSB with skim milk served as a negative control. Data were analyzed via unpaired Student t test (p<0.05). Auranofin was compared to untreated (*) and to linezolid (#).

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Negative Control

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lipase inhibition activity of auranofin and linezolid against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium NR-31909. Data are presented as percent lipase production in presence of each drug (tested in sexruplicate). TSB with egg yolk emulsion served as a negative control. Data were analyzed via unpaired Student t test (p<0.05). Auranofin was compared to untreated (*) and to linezolid (#).

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Emulsion, Negative Control

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo antibacterial activity of auranofin against E. faecium NR-31909 in the murine septicemia model when administered (A) Orally at 0.125 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg; and (B) Subcutaneously (S.C.) at 0.0625 mg/kg, 0.125 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg compared to the vehicle control and the standard antibiotic linezolid given orally at 20 mg/kg. Mice survival was monitored for 5 days. Results were analyzed for statistical difference utilizing graphpad prism. (*) Denotes significant difference between each treated group and the untreated group (P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: In contrast, the MIC 90 of linezolid against VRE increased by one-fold in agreement with a previous report [ 19 ]. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 1. caption a7 Strains MIC (μg/mL) Auranofin Linezolid SI HI SI HI E. faecium NR-31916 0.5 0.5 1 1 E. faecium ATCC 700221 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 E. faecium NR-32054 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31971 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium HM-952 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-32065 0.5 0.5 1 2 E. faecium NR-32094 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31887 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-201 1 1 1 1 E. faecalis HM-934 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis NR-31970 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-968 1 1 1 2 E. faecalis HM-335 1 1 1 2 E. faecium HM-965 1 1 1 2 E. faecium NR-31909 1 1 1 1 MIC 90 1 1 1 2 Open in a separate window SI, standard inoculum (~5 × 10 5 CFU/mL); HI, high inoculum (~5 × 10 7 CFU/mL); MIC 90 , the concentration of the test agent that inhibited the growth of 90% of the tested strains Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Techniques: In Vivo, Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Insights in the Antimicrobial Potential of the Natural Nisin Variant Nisin H

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Determination of purity, yield and cleavage efficiency of the pre-nisin variants. (A) Purity of the purified nisin A and the variants nisin H and nisin H F 1 I (Marker: Precision Plus Protein Dual Xtra standards Bio-Rad). (B) Yields after purification of nisin A and their corresponding variants via cation-exchange chromatography. (C) Quantification of the cleavage efficiency of NisP. (D) Chromatogram of nisin H. (E) Chromatogram of the nisin H F 1 I variant. The pre-nisin variants before NisP cleavage were shown by blue dashed lines and after NisP cleavage by black lines. Error bars represent the standard deviation of at least three biological replicates.

Article Snippet: All bacteria used for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of nisin variants [ Bacillus subtilis 168; S. aureus : MSSA strain ATCC 29213, MRSA/VISA strain ATCC 700699; E. faecium : ATCC 35667, ATCC 700221 (vancomycin resistant); E. faecalis : ATCC 29212, ATCC 51299 (vancomycin resistant)] were cultivated in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) at 37°C and shaking at 150 rpm.

Techniques: Purification, Marker, Chromatography, Variant Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Insights in the Antimicrobial Potential of the Natural Nisin Variant Nisin H

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nisin mediated pore formation, visualized with the SYTOX green assay. The NZ9000Cm strain incubated with the SYTOX dye. After a stable baseline (∼200 s), one of the nisin variants (100 nM) was added (indicated with an arrow). The fluorescence signal was measured using a fluorolog (Horiba III). The rapid increase in fluorescence indicates pore formation. The black line represents the addition of nisin A, the red line nisin H, and the blue line nisin H F 1 I. As a control we added buffer shown as green line.

Article Snippet: All bacteria used for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of nisin variants [ Bacillus subtilis 168; S. aureus : MSSA strain ATCC 29213, MRSA/VISA strain ATCC 700699; E. faecium : ATCC 35667, ATCC 700221 (vancomycin resistant); E. faecalis : ATCC 29212, ATCC 51299 (vancomycin resistant)] were cultivated in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) at 37°C and shaking at 150 rpm.

Techniques: Incubation, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Insights in the Antimicrobial Potential of the Natural Nisin Variant Nisin H

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573614

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC values for nisin A, nisin H, and nisin H F 1 I against different pathogenic strains.

Article Snippet: All bacteria used for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of nisin variants [ Bacillus subtilis 168; S. aureus : MSSA strain ATCC 29213, MRSA/VISA strain ATCC 700699; E. faecium : ATCC 35667, ATCC 700221 (vancomycin resistant); E. faecalis : ATCC 29212, ATCC 51299 (vancomycin resistant)] were cultivated in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) at 37°C and shaking at 150 rpm.

Techniques:

Journal: Marine Drugs

Article Title: Insights into the Variation in Bioactivities of Closely Related Streptomyces Strains from Marine Sediments of the Visayan Sea against ESKAPE and Ovarian Cancer

doi: 10.3390/md19080441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibiotic activity screening of the extracts of marine sediment-derived Streptomyces from Visayan Sea against ESKAPE pathogens.

Article Snippet: The ESKAPE ( E. faecium ATCC 700221, S. aureus ATCC BAA-44, K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-1705, A. baumannii ATCC BAA-1605, P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-1744 and E. cloacae ATCC BAA-2341) pathogens that were used in this study were identified as drug resistant by American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Activity Assay